Steel fire doors are moderately priced, but they are self-heavy, laborious to open, monotonous in style, and not beautiful enough. Therefore, they are mostly used in industrial buildings and general-grade civil buildings, or parts of buildings that have low aesthetic requirements and small flow of people (such as Computer rooms, garages, etc.); on the contrary, wooden fire doors have light weight, flexible opening and closing, good decorative appearance, more patterns, but higher prices, and are mostly used in medium and high-end civil buildings or important occasions in buildings. . Generally, the maximum opening size applicable to each fire door is approximately: 3.3m high, 1.1m wide-single leaf 1.1m, and double leaf 3.0m. In the engineering design, in addition to setting up fire doors in strict accordance with the requirements of the specifications in the occasions, positions, widths, grades and opening directions, attention should be paid to:
1. The influence of door leaf on evacuation width
Fire doors are generally located on evacuation paths (such as stairwells, front rooms, walkways, etc.). Carelessness in the detailed design of the building plan may cause the door to block the evacuation path and reduce its effective width after opening, which violates the basic requirements for evacuation. . This phenomenon is particularly prominent at turning points of evacuation routes and in high-rise residential buildings, and should be taken seriously and avoided.
2. The problem of evacuation openings leading to adjacent districts
Under certain conditions, when there are Class A fire doors leading to adjacent fire compartments, only one safety exit is allowed in each compartment in high-rise buildings. It should be noted that since fire doors can only be opened in one direction, if there is only one safety exit in two adjacent partitions, two fire doors should be set up in the fire prevention measures and opened to both sides to meet the two requirements. The need for evacuation between sections.
3. The choice of opening and closing methods
The most commonly used is the normally closed fire door. Its door leaf is always closed. When people pass by, it is opened manually and closed by the rear door leaf; if the push latch hardware is installed, it will be more conducive to speed up the evacuation speed. However, the normally closed fire doors in public passages have the disadvantages of affecting ventilation and lighting, obstructing the line of sight, and inconvenience in normal use. Such as poor management, their door closers and opening and closing hardware are often destroyed and malfunctioning, causing hidden safety hazards. . The normally open fire doors that have appeared in recent years have just solved the above-mentioned problems. Usually, its door leaf is fixed in the open position by the door fixator. In the event of a fire, the door fixer will automatically release and restore the same function as the normally closed fire door. Due to the addition of the door fixator and the automatic release system, and sometimes the linkage with the automatic alarm system, the use of normally open fire doors will inevitably increase the project cost. The current fire protection code does not make compulsory provisions on the opening and closing methods of fire doors, which can be selected and determined by the designer in comprehensive consideration of the building's standard level, the characteristics of the use occasion, the management needs of the building users, and the economic factors.
